An essential nutrient and a member of the B complex family of vitamins, vitamin B12 acts as a coenzyme for normal DNA synthesis, prevents nerve damage, and promotes growth, cell and blood cell development.

Vitamin B12 aids folic acid in regulation of the formation of red blood cells, and helps in the utilization of iron. It is also required for the proper digestion and absorption of foods, the synthesis of proteins, and the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats. B12 plays a role in nervous system function with the production of myelin, the protective sheath around nerves, as well as the production of a neurotransmitter that helps with memory and learning.